What Is a Torn Achilles Tendon?

The Achilles tendon is a large band of tissue that extends from the back of the heel to the knee. A tear of the Achilles tendon is a common athletic injury that can result in severely reduced mobility.

  1. Strains

    • An Achilles tendon strain or pull occurs when the tendon is stretched too far resulting in tearing of the tissue. Bad strains where significant amounts of the tendon are torn are called ruptures.

    Types

    • Achilles tendon tears are graded based on severity: a type 1 strain is a very minor tear, a type 2 strain involves moderate tearing, and a type 3 strain involves a severe partial or complete rupture of the tendon.

    Causes

    • Achilles tendon tears are caused when the tendon is stretched too far or to vigorously. Typically, a sudden traumatic impact to the foot that forces the angle between the foot and shin to become smaller is the cause of a tear.

    Treatment

    • Treatment of Achilles tears varies based on the type of strain; a bad rupture may require surgery to heal properly, while minor strains can usually heal with adequate rest and immobilization.

    Prevention

    • The likelihood of Achilles tears can be reduced by stretching the Achilles tendon and calf muscle and strengthening the muscles of the feet and lower leg. Avoiding strenuous, high impact activities is also a good way to avoid strains.