Environmental Dangers in the Tundra

The tundra attracts adventurers who wish to experience one of nature's most extreme landscapes. The Arctic tundra edges the North Pole at high latitudes, and the alpine tundra is at the high altitudes of the world's tallest mountains. Several species of plants and animals have adapted to the inhospitable conditions of the tundra, but humans have not. Being aware of the environmental dangers of this region can mean the difference between life and death.

  1. Low Temperatures

    • Tundra summers are short, and temperatures are typically below freezing half the year. In the Arctic tundra, the average temperature for any month doesn't exceed 50 degrees Fahrenheit. You risk hypothermia or frostbite without proper gear. Either condition is a medical emergency and can lead to death if untreated.

    Dry Air

    • The low temperatures of the tundra lead contribute to very low humidity, and the air can be drier than the desert. You lose precious moisture through evaporation from your skin and through the air you exhale. Make sure you drink plenty of water, even if you're not thirsty.

    High Altitude

    • The risk of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is higher in the alpine tundra which is usually at an elevation of 10,000 ft or more. At elevations of 8,000 feet or more, your body may not be able to adjust to the lower oxygen concentration in the air. Mild AMS can lead to nausea, headaches, and disorientation. Severe AMS can cause fluid build-up in the brain or lungs. These conditions are called High Altitude Cerebral Edema and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, and they are life-threatening.

    Getting Lost

    • Navigation skills are essential in the tundra

      Even the most skilled navigator can get lost in either the Arctic or the alpine tundra. The Arctic tundra has few prominent land features, and the wide open space makes it difficult to gauge distance. During a blizzard, whiteout conditions can reduce visibility to zero. Always know where you are by checking your compass and map often and by noting lesser features, such as grassy hills or boulder piles.

    Tussocks

    • In the Arctic tundra of Canada and Alaska during summer, walking through thick and soggy grasses mounds called tussocks can throw you off balance, suck off your shoe and tire you out. To avoid this minor danger, stick to the high ground and rocky talus.