Three Types of Swords in Fencing

Fencing in its modern form originated in Italian and French dueling and military swordsmanship. Modern fencers use three types of swords, each designed for a specific style of fencing. Each style has its own set of rules. Although many fencers learn to use all three sword types, most specialize in just one.

  1. Foil

    • This light thrusting sword resembles the weapon the French used in the 18th century when training for duels. The foil weighs approximately 18 oz. and has a flexible, squarish blade of around 35 inches long. The protective covering on its tip prevents injury. Foilists score points by striking their opponent with the sword's point anywhere on the torso. The limbs, head and neck are off target.

    Épeé

    • Épeé, pronounced eh-pay, is French for sword. This weapon was developed for duels to "first blood." Although a thrusting sword like the foil, the éppeé's blade is thicker, more rigid and V-shaped. The guard, a bell-shaped part of the sword that protects the hand, is also larger. At around 27 oz., the épeé is the heaviest fencing sword. A hit with the sword's point anywhere on the body scores a point.

    Saber

    • The saber is a cutting and thrusting weapon descended from the 19th and 20th centuries. It's similar to the foil in weight and size. Saberists score points by hitting with either the tip or edge of the blade anywhere on the upper body, excluding the hands. Because the sport simulates combat on horseback, saberists may not cross their legs or strike below the waist.