What Type of Metal Is Best for Horse Bits?

Horse bits have been made from many different materials throughout history. Early bits used leather, rope, and hardwood. Modern bits are most commonly made with rubber or metal. A variety of metals are used in horse bit construction. Stainless steel tends to be the most common material for English bits. However, each type of metal has distinct advantages and disadvantages.

  1. Stainless Steel

    • Stainless steel is one of the most common metals used in the construction of horse bits. It is popular because it is resistant to rust and corrosion. Stainless steel bits are also easy to produce. While they are very popular for the construction of English bits, stainless steel is tasteless and cold. Bits without flavor do not encourage as much salivation. Salivation is necessary to keep the horse's mouth damp, soft and responsive. A dry mouth results in an unresponsive horse.

    Sweet Iron

    • Sweet iron is also known as "mild steel." It is a work-hardened steel product, long lasting and durable. Sweet iron has the advantage of possessing a taste that results from oxidation. The taste of the steel promotes salivation, which aids the responsiveness of the horse. The disadvantage of oxidation is that it produces rust. Rust gradually wears away at the bit. Shards of rust also sometimes flake away from the bit, which can cause injury to the horse, including mouth lacerations.

    Copper

    • Copper bits induce salivation in horses, which helps with the horse's responsiveness and prevents a sore mouth. It also warms rapidly in cold weather, which makes it more desirable than steel in some cases. Unfortunately, copper is subject to oxidation, and is also a relatively soft metal. Both factors result in decreased life expectancy for the bit.

    Chrome-Plated Steel

    • Chrome bits are attractive in appearance, and are some of the cheapest bits on the market. They also provide some taste for the horse, which encourages salivation. However, the chrome plating can chip away from the bit, which can cause injury to the horse.